# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Composition and Sources

## Understanding the Basics of Sanitary Napkin Production

Sanitary napkins, an essential feminine hygiene product, are composed of various materials carefully selected for their absorbency, comfort, and safety. The manufacturing process combines these materials in specific layers to create an effective and comfortable product for menstrual protection.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top layer that comes in direct contact with the skin is typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends

This layer needs to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to maintain comfort during use.

### 2. Absorbent Core

The middle layer responsible for fluid absorption consists of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes blended with cotton or rayon

The ratio of fluff pulp to SAP varies depending on the desired absorbency level of the product.

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof bottom layer is usually made from:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

This layer prevents leakage while allowing some breathability in premium products.

### 4. Adhesive Components

Various adhesives are used for:

– Product assembly (hot melt adhesives)
– Attaching wings (if present)
– Securing the napkin to underwear (pressure-sensitive adhesive)

## Additional Features in Modern Sanitary Napkins

Many contemporary sanitary napkins include extra components:

– Side barriers or channels for leakage prevention
– Fragrance additives (though these may cause irritation for some users)
– Wetness indicators
– Biodegradable or organic material options

## Sourcing of Raw Materials

The materials for sanitary napkin production come from diverse sources:

– Wood pulp: Sustainably managed forests
– SAP: Petrochemical derivatives
– Non-woven fabrics: Synthetic fiber production
– Cotton: Agricultural sources (conventional or organic)

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are exploring:

– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options
– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Reduced packaging materials

The choice of materials significantly impacts both product performance and environmental footprint, driving innovation in this essential hygiene product category.