# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Composition and Sources

## Understanding the Basics of Sanitary Napkin Production

Sanitary napkins, essential feminine hygiene products, are composed of various raw materials that work together to provide comfort, absorption, and protection. The manufacturing process carefully combines these components to create products that meet women’s needs during menstruation.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top layer that comes in direct contact with the skin is typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends

This layer allows for quick liquid penetration while keeping the surface dry.

### 2. Absorbent Core

The middle layer responsible for fluid absorption consists of:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes includes recycled paper or cotton fibers

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof bottom layer is usually composed of:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

### 4. Adhesive Components

These include:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for bonding layers together

## Sourcing of Raw Materials

### Natural Material Sources

– Wood pulp: Primarily from fast-growing trees like pine or eucalyptus
– Cotton: Grown in various regions worldwide
– Bamboo: Increasingly popular for eco-friendly products

### Synthetic Material Sources

– Polypropylene and polyethylene: Derived from petroleum
– Superabsorbent polymers: Typically made from acrylic acid

## Emerging Trends in Material Selection

Manufacturers are exploring:

– Organic cotton options
– Biodegradable plant-based materials
– Antimicrobial treatments
– Fragrance-free formulations

## Environmental Considerations

The industry is shifting toward:

– Sustainable forestry practices for wood pulp
– Reduced plastic content

– Compostable and biodegradable alternatives
– Recycling programs for used products

Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use while encouraging manufacturers to develop more sustainable solutions for feminine hygiene.