# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Composition

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow while providing comfort and protection. The effectiveness of these products depends on the quality and combination of various raw materials used in their production. Understanding these components helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric (polypropylene or polyethylene)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or other natural fibers

Key functions:

Provides a soft, comfortable surface that allows quick liquid penetration while keeping the skin dry. Some premium products feature breathable top sheets to enhance comfort.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component for menstrual fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– A combination of both

Absorption mechanism:

The wood pulp provides bulk absorption, while SAP (typically sodium polyacrylate) can absorb many times its weight in liquid, locking away moisture and preventing leakage.

### 3. Back Sheet

The bottom layer that prevents leakage and protects clothing. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

Modern back sheets often feature adhesive strips to keep the pad securely in place while allowing for easy removal without residue.

## Additional Functional Components

### 4. Adhesive Layers

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesive for bonding layers together

### 5. Release Paper

Protects the adhesive before use, typically made from silicone-coated paper or plastic film.

### 6. Side Barriers (Wings)

Found in winged sanitary napkins, these are usually made from the same material as the top sheet with additional adhesive for secure attachment to underwear.

## Specialized Materials in Premium Products

### 7. Odor Control Agents

– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
– Specialized polymers

### 8. Moisturizing Components

– Aloe vera
– Vitamin E
– Chamomile extracts (in some premium products)

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments include:

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or cotton
– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Compostable back sheets
– Reduced plastic content

Eco-conscious consumers should look for products with certified organic materials and minimal synthetic components.

## Quality and Safety Standards

All sanitary napkin materials must meet strict hygiene and safety regulations, including:

– Dermatological testing
– Absence of harmful chemicals
– Appropriate absorption capacity
– Bacterial control properties

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw materials in sanitary napkins helps consumers choose products that match their comfort, absorption, and environmental needs. As technology advances, we continue to see improvements in both performance and sustainability of these essential hygiene products.